An American citizen is a person who swears allegiance to the U.S and is entitled to it's protection and privileges of its laws.
before the 1860's, immigration wasn't an issue and it was easy to get it.
14th Amendment gave a constitution definition of what an immigrant is. All person born or naturalized in the us and subject to it the jurisdiction of the us and residential state.
90% of citizens are by birth.
Anyone born on US soil is a citizen, unless you're here on vacation or diplomacy.
Citizenship by naturalization.
Congress has exclusive power to provide for naturalization.
Individual decision to become a citizen.
collective naturalization- Entire groups granted citizenship through en masse. this happens when the U.S gains new territory.
Loss of citizenship
Everyone can decide to no longer be a citizen through Expatriation.
congress can not remove a citizenship unless someone is naturalized and they were deceitful.
marriage does not make you a citizen, but it shortens the naturalization process
Congress decides who can come in the country and who can leave. They have to power to deny you to leave. There are immigration quotas, limits to how many people from each territory can come out. this quota is a cap.
The immigration act of 1965 did away with quotas, allowing up to 270,000 people in. anyone with close family in the U.S has preference for immigration.
the act of 1990 allows much more.
People with good occupational Talents get preferences as well.
People can be denied immigration on characteristics can be denied: criminals, mentally ill, ect.
Deportation is a legal process where aliens are required to leave. This is usually caused by illegal immigration or conviction of serious crimes.
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