8/7/14 notes section 3

Section 3:

• Those who oppose civil rights often believe you can't change morality by passing a law.
• Dr. King "Judicial decrees...may not change the heart, but they can restrain the heartless".
• 1870s-1950s- No meaningful legislation passed in regards to civil rights.
• The Civil Rights Act of 1964: passed after the longest debate in senate history, 83 days straight. Made changes: 1.) Voting provisions. 2.) Public Services(restaurants, hotels, theaters.) could no longer deny access based on race, religion, national origin physical disability. 3.) Federal funding programs could not discriminate for those reasons listed above. 4.) Employers and labor unions also could not discriminate.
• Civil Rights Act of 1968- Open Housing Act- cannot refuse renting or selling a living space to a person due to any form of discrimination. Housing is still one of the most segregated areas in American life today.
• Title 9- forbids discrimination on the basis of gender and any educational program or program regarding financial assistance. Equal funding and opportunities must be given to women athletics.
• Affirmative Action: requires employers take positive steps to fix the affects of past discrimination.
• Employers must meet quotas for minority groups genders.
• Many argue this results in reverse discrimination against the majority, they are denied opportunities so minority groups have more opportunities.
• California, Washington, Michigan, and Nebraska voters passed measures to eliminate all affirmative actions plans.
• The Bakke Case: Allan Bakke sued the University of California because he was denied access to their medical school due to Affirmative Action. He won the case. Since then the Court has made decisions regarding similar cases, quotas can be used when needed.
• Justice Sandra Day O'Connor predicts in 25 years, the use of racial preferences will no longer be necessary.